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Akpeteshie: Ghana’s lively heritage

The dried sugercane used in preparing alcohol

The dried sugercane used in preparing alcohol

Akpeteshie has been one of Ghana’s local beverages which has been used and passed on from our ancestors to our generations over the years. It is patronised by locals, celebrated by many, and scares some.

This drink traces its roots from the days of colonisation. It is deeply rooted in the Ghanaian culture as a national treasure since it blurs the lines between the upper class and the lower class.

Akpeteshie, popularly known as “Apio” and “Oha” in Ga, Twi, and Ewe respectively, is a home-brewed alcoholic spirit produced in Ghana and some other West African nations by distilling mainly sugar cane juice or palm wine.

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The bark of mahogany, garlic, and ginger added to the sugercane alcohol for the human system
The bark of mahogany, garlic, and ginger added to the sugercane alcohol for the human system

Upon the arrival of the colonial masters, indigenous alcoholic brands were consumed. The people of the coast believed that these locally manufactured brands were of more quality than the foreign brands.

This was because these brands were made from fruits and herbs, which were more beneficial to the people, unlike the foreign brands, which some believed were concentrated with chemicals.

The consumption of Akpeteshie threatened the colonial government since their initial means of raising revenue for the state was through imported beverages. As a result of this, the British banned the consumption of Akpeteshie, because it competes strongly with their imported beverages.

The ban led the people to change the name from “Kpotomenui” meaning something hidden in a coconut mat fence to the name Akpeteshie in the Ga language, which is the act of hiding, since most people had to find a discreet way of consuming it without being caught by their colonial masters.

In the preparation of the Akpeteshie, especially when using the sugarcane, the dried-up sugarcane is placed in the crusher machine. The sugarcane juice is then juiced into a bucket. This juice obtained from the sugarcane is allowed to ferment over a period of thirty days in a large barrel, sometimes with the help of yeast.

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The fermented liquid is then heated or boiled on fire, and the vapour that comes out of this passes through the copper pipe within the cooling barrels where it condenses and drips into sieved jars or gallons. The end result of this process is the alcohol, that is Akpeteshie. According to most brewers, the sugar content would determine the amount of vapour evaporated.

Akpeteshie is also made from mango fruit, pineapple, and cocoa seeds. Only a few people, according to research and experts, voiced out the main reason some use these fruits rather than the usual raw materials of sugar cane and palm wine for the Akpeteshie.

The cocoa seed when used for the Akpeteshie with the help of different herbs like mahogany, protect the body from heart diseases, asthma, piles, relieves stress and reduces fatigue in the human body. It also helps improve the blood flow and lowers blood pressure. It also aids in easy digestion, and it is useful for healing wounds.

Although Akpeteshie has become very popular in our Ghanaian societies, many do not take into consideration its production process. Most of the producers are smallholder farmers who earn a living from their art.

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Furthermore, most people have now become addicted to Akpeteshie and some find happiness and peace in drinking it, despite its effects on their health. It is believed that Akpeteshie contains some minerals and vitamins like magnesium, zinc, and vitamin C, which are very significant to human health.

In addition to reaping the benefits of Akpeteshie, it is best known to enjoy it in moderation, since it helps reduce the risk of certain diseases like measles, and aids digestion through the antioxidants in it. The vitamins boost the immune system and support the overall health of the human body. Akpeteshie in one way or the other helps to reduce stress levels and bring feelings of happiness or relaxation to the body.
Despite Akpeteshie being beneficial to the human body, it is important to know the risks associated with consuming it; and it is important to seek medical advice if any serious medical issues arise because the sellers may add different ingredients that could harm the human system.

According to some of the Akpeteshie sellers, after purchasing from the place of production, mahogany, garlic, ginger and negro pepper are added to make it safer for the human system than consuming it in its raw state.

It is believed that the sugar level in Akpeteshie at the raw state is higher and if consumed in large quantities without any additives could lead to diabetes. An anonymous Akpeteshie trader said they mostly add stainless steel nails to it after buying it in its raw state to enhance its taste and to make it more alcoholic.

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The nails are added in their fresh state but the molecules of iron on the surface of the nails react with the oxygen produced in the alcohol which forms a reddish–brown substance n the surface–rust. The rust is infused in the alcohol to give it a stronger smell and taste. The rationale behind this act is to increase the alcoholic content in the raw Akpeteshie.

Although most consumers prefer the Akpeteshie that has been mixed with nails, there are some who are against these practices because of the health complications associated with them.

Members of the Asomdwe Society in Bawjiase made it a life mission to omit the addition of nails during their production process due to the risks involved. Some medical experts highlighted that the rust from these nails can lead to serious health problems such as stomach cramps, constipation, muscle, or joint pain and in severe cases could lead to gastric cancer or death.

Research has proven that Akpeteshie can contain some trace elements of copper, lead, and iron as a result of the materials used in the production process. Some brewers store the juice in metallic jars since there are no strict regulative bindings on the production of Akpeteshie. This has raised concerns and many questions whether the sale of Akpeteshie should be legalised or banned.

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According to a health expert at the Dakal Medical Centre, Dr. Ernest Osei Asiamah, the scientific school of thought has proven that moderate intake of alcohol helps in the prevention of heart attack and aids the body system with good circulation. The potential health risks associated with drinking alcohol is hypertension, heart condition and liver disease.

Some drugs react with alcohol, but the best precaution doctors often give to their patients is to either take it in moderation or to stay away from it.

Despite the reasons for consuming Akpeteshie, consumers are advised to reduce the intake or avoid it completely because the risks associated with its usage far outnumber the benefits.

The Ministry of Health (MoH) and Food and Drug Authority (FDA), through their agencies, should increase public awareness about the risks associated with the consumption of Akpeteshie. It is said that Akpeteshie kills softly and so those addicted to it should consult a medical practitioner to treat or stem any damage to the body.

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Regina Inkum
Level 300
Ghana Institute of Journalism (GIJ)

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Features

Political punches and the Blackman

A live boxing showdown between an Arab champion, Saddam Hus­sein, and the Western ‘Bazooka,’ George Bush, should be the most spec­tacular event in boxing and political history.

Most probably, Saddam Hussein will rely more on his thick moustache than his ‘chemical’ upper-cuts. Natu­rally, the dancing kenkeyweight titlist, George Bush, will turn into a southpaw, floating in the ring, jabbing, ducking and targeting Saddam’s moustache to rip it off once and for all.

Such a boxing show would be one of near equals. But consider for a mo­ment a similar show between the Pride of Pretoria, F. W.de Klerk, and the Hope of South Africa, Oliver Tambo.

Although Tambo is not in the very best of health, he is sure to be a diligent pugilist with all the qualities of a BLACK BOMBER. F. W.de Klerk, the stronger of the two is likely to be cautioned several times for hitting below the belt. Fact is that, de Klerk’s punches are never direct. Perhaps his fists need a binoculars to help target Tambo’s nose.

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Oliver Tambo had never been a good friend to South African leaders, especially

Pieter Botha. And for quite some time, Botha has had more than a fair share of Tambo’s political punches till his corner men threw in the towel. Still Botha wanted to fight on although they told him that he needed to be replaced by a clerk-de Klerk.

Today, Oliver Tambo is still fighting on behalf of his people. And gradually, the satanic apartheid regime is crum­bling, but piecemeal. I bet, de Klerk’s formula for dismantling apartheid that can be likened to a small ant com­missioned to eat a mountain of LOAF. Certainly, it would take a thousand years to complete.

This fact is further underscored when we consider that just recently, leaders of the European Community have agreed to scrap the ban on new investments in South Africa. With this decision, South Africa is going to get some breathing space and the process of disentangling its dreaded strangle­hold on the black majority is going to be dead-slow.

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The German Foreign Minister, Hans Dietrich Genscher, rationalising the community’s decision, said the lifting of the ban would reward de Klerk for legalising the African National Con­gress (ANC), freeing its deputy leader, Nelson Mandela, and permitting Oliver Tambo to return to South Africa after thirty years in exile.

In reaction to this, the ANC adopt­ed a resolution calling for sanctions to be maintained, with the stand that the EC’s decision which was against ANC interests. Earlier, during an ANC congress, Oliver Tambo had stated that it was time the ANC reviewed its stand on sanctions against South Africa.

“It is no longer enough to repeat the trite slogans …… we should care­fully re-evaluate the advisability of insisting on sanctions given the situa­tion domestically and abroad.”

Apparently, the optimism of the black majority of attaining a wish is gradually becoming tantalising if not illusionary.

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As it is now, the European Com­munity’s decision is a pointer to the fact that members of the Community regard the South African whites as their first cousins. And obviously, many Europeans directly or indirectly have commercial interests in South Africa. And how can one punish a brother for so long no matter how recalcitrant he proves to be?

Fact is, covertly or overtly, the apartheid regime is being made to perpetuate till doomsday. No one cares for the black man. The whites will come out openly to condemn the racist regime and go indoors to have plans about how best to strengthen this regime.

Worse atrocities have been visited upon the black man. Since history be­gan chronicling world events, the black man has been at the receiving end of all unpleasantries. He is even cited to have descended from a cursed man called Ham, who according to the Bible derided his father’s nakedness. Quite fallaciously, one child of Ham was said to be black (because of the curse), and became the progenitor of the African race.

It is quite uncertain whether ori­entals like the Chinese also had some share of the curse to make some of them yellow-skinned.

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Anyhow, blacks of the world have suffered a lot, having been made slaves, tortured and abused. In the United States where many blacks became domiciled after the slave trade, they were regarded as second rate citizens. To this very day, they are discriminated against when it comes to job opportunities and prospects for promotion.

AMUSING CONCLUSIONS

They are considered brainless and only fun-loving. In a seemingly very crooked research conducted not far back, the following amusing conclu­sions were arrived at. Chinese students were said to be studious, European children very ambitious and bright and Negro children were said to like party­ing and music. Adult Negroes were said to be physically strong with large sexu­al organs but no brains in their heads.

The Blackman’s culture is described as uncivilised and extremely backward. But let’s come to face it. The white man’s culture teaches him to hate oth­ers who are not of his colour. You go to Europe and you would be shocked that some whites would not like to sit in the same bus with you.

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When they (Europeans) come to Africa, we are not hostile to them al­though they’ve once enslaved and bru­talised us and continue to discriminate against us. We bear them no grudge. Our culture does not breed hatred for other races. It preaches hospitality and respect for all. Which of these two cultures should be placed higher on the scale of civilisation?

In the US, a white supremacist group named the Ku Klux Klan, have a morbid hatred for blacks and have poli­cies geared towards the elimination of the black race. The neo-Nazis do not like blacks either.

History has it that when Jesse Ow­ens won four Olympic gold medals in Berlin, the Nazi warlord, Adolf Hitler, was gravely embittered.

We are discriminated against in sports, the latest being two dubious penalties awarded against the Indomi­table Lions of Cameroun in the match against England in the 1990 World Cup in Italy. Cameroun, as a result, failed to reach the semi-final stage. Africans do not deserve a World Cup.

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And quite sadly we allow Cauca­sians and Anglo Saxons to dictate to us which of our women are beautiful and which are not. We accept their crite­ria for beauty and allow our women to parade semi naked before them, only to be ridiculed as hairless monkeys, and undeserving of beauty awards.

Year after year, we send our wom­en there to experience the same or­deal and we would never learn to stop that nonsense. Are we not encourag­ing the whites to go on ridiculing our race?

Caucasians, Orientals and Africans have their own considerations when appraising beauty. Why allow Cau­casians to superimpose their idea of beauty on ours.

Shall we always be slaves who never stop to think for a while of their independence?

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This article was first published on Saturday, December 22, 1990

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Features

Is God a Liar?

I believe the first thought that will occur to anyone who reads the topic of this write-up will be what is going on here? Is this author not com­mitting blasphemy? Recent developments on our political front has made this question relevant because of the im­pact these developments can have on Christianity.

In fact, a respected Chris­tian leader in the country has commented that, Charismatic Christians seem to have de­cided to embark on a one way journey to self destruction.

He further commented that Charismatics have desecrated noble titles like Apostle, Bish­op etc. to the extent that now if you call yourself a Prophet it is synonymous to a con man. Prophets are supposed to speak the mind of God to his people or his church and therefore when a statement is made by a Prophet claiming “thus saith the Lord” people take it whole heartedly as if God was uttering it directly to them.

Again we believe as Chris­tians that God does not lie according to Numbers 23:19 and other references in the bible, and therefore, when a so called Prophet makes an emphatic statement that it is coming from God and a few years later this same God makes another statement contradicting the first one, then it is legitimate to ask the question “Is God a liar”?

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People are beginning to lose trust in men of God because of their utteranc­es and actions. You hear of stories of so called men of God committing adultery, stealing, cheating and all kinds of unpleasant behaviour. Unspeakable things that even unbelievers shy away from are being associated with men in white collar.

When elections are ap­proaching, you hear of all manner of prophesies as to which presidential candidate is going to win the elec­tions. Previously, it used to be prophetic declarations on 31st December Night until a certain Dr Dampare issued an order and suddenly God decid­ed to take a holiday each 31st night in my beloved country, Ghana.

The respected Christian leader I mentioned earlier said, he does not believe that God elects leaders especially in our continent and that if he does, given some of the leaders we have had, then we need to have a conversation with him. I fully agree. How can a God of order and dis­cipline, elect lawless people to be leaders who refuse to hand over power contrary to what their constitution states, when their term of office expires?

If I were a member of the fake prophet’s church, I defi­nitely would quit the church because he has proven to be a charlatan. The Bible makes it clear in Mathew 7:20 that the criteria for determining a person’s status as a Christian is by their fruits. Instead of focusing on spreading the Gos­pel and showing the unsaved the way of salvation, they have turned themselves into favour seekers.

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The current places of church auditoriums of some of these pastors were places of businesses as those of us who are privileged to be old enough, vividly recollect. They sing the praises of lead­ers and their governments, so they would be favoured with prime locations for their church auditoriums among others. These are what the Bible talks about according to Philippians 3:19 that their God is their belly among others.

Instead of seeking Godly wisdom for the revival of these distressed companies, what they were interested in was the place being given to them and they hypocritically turn around and say let us pray for jobs for the youth.

Some of these so called men of God, demand consultation fees before you can see them and I pity the poor souls who visit such places.

God is not a liar. It is against his nature to lie. He is a spirit of truth. It is rather the Devil who is a liar and the father of lies so if you lead a life of lies, as some of these pastors obviously are doing, then according to the Bible, they are fake.

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By Lord Kissi-Mensah

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