Health Essentials

Understanding autism spectrum disorder

Autism spectrum disorder also known as ASD, according to the Centre for Disease Control, is a developmental disability that can cause significant social communication and behavioural challenges in an individual. According to the World Health Organisation in 2021, about one in 160 children has autism worldwide and in the US, it is estimated that about one in 59 children has autism. Even though the statistics in Ghana are not available, it is believed that the situation is no different as many children are diagnosed each day. Autism spectrum disorder begins in early childhood and eventually causes problems in the social functionality of children. Children show symptoms of autism within their first year and a small number of children appear to develop normally in the first year and then go through a period of regression between 18 and 24 months of age when they develop autism symptoms.

Symptoms of autism

The symptoms of autism can be found in three main areas

Communication:

One of the first indications of autism in toddlers is the lack of response to their names.
Children with the autism spectrum disorder are most often non-verbal which means they cannot speak and cannot communicate their needs through speech.
They do not point or bring objects to share interests.
They have poor eye contact and lack facial expressions.
They can’t seem to understand simple questions or directions.
They may repeat words or phrases verbatim but would not understand how to use them.
Social Interactions

They may resist cuddling and holding and may seem to prefer playing alone, they often get lost in their world.
They have inappropriate approaches to social interactions. they can be aggressive, passive or disruptive.
Repetitive movements

They perform repetitive movements such as rocking spinning or hand flapping
They perform activities that could cause self-harm such as biting or headbanging.
They develop specific routines or rituals and become disturbed at the slightest change.
They don’t engage in imitation or make-believe play or pretend play.

Take your baby to see the doctor if he or she:

doesn’t respond with a smile or happy expression by six months
1. Doesn’t make sounds or facial expressions by nine months
1. Doesn’t bubble or coo by 12 months.
1. Doesn’t point or wave by 14 months
1. Doesn’t say a single word by 16 months
1. doesn’t indulge in pretend play by 18 months
1. Doesn’t say two-word phrases by 24 months
1. Loses language skills or social skills at any age.

Do not panic if your child has one or more of the symptoms above. That may not necessarily mean your child has autism. Babies develop at their own pace. However, it is important to see a doctor with your child if they tick any of the symptoms above.

Causes of Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism spectrum disorder is a very complex disorder and as a result, it doesn’t have a single known cause. It is believed that both genetics and environmental factors play roles in a child developing ASD.

It affects children of all races but certain factors may increase a child’s risk of developing the condition. These include:

The child’s sex. Boys are more likely to develop autism than girls.
Family history
Extreme preterm babies
Parents age. Older parents are more likely to give birth to autistic children.

Treatment

There aren’t any known treatments for autism, however, when diagnosed early, intervention is most helpful and can improve behaviour skills and language development. Though children usually don’t outgrow autism spectrum disorder symptoms, they may learn to function well.

Autism is on the rise in Ghana and that means we need to come together as a nation and help children who develop this condition. They can do extremely well when given the right support and at any stage of their lives. Children with the autism spectrum disorder are not spiritually possessed, as some Ghanaians believe, they are children who deserve to be loved and supported to grow into their full potential. There are many adults living independently with the condition. Remember that early intervention is key.

The World Autism Awareness Day is marked internationally on April 2 every year, and there is a call for people to include autistic children in Quality Education. It is commendable to know that the government of Ghana has passed a law that mandates mainstream schools to accept autistic children. But it shouldn’t end there. There is the need to provide enough education on the condition to teachers, and the whole country at large as well as the building of infrastructure that can support children and people with the condition.

Source:

Augustina Otema Amarh

Autism Mum/ Content Creator

Health Essentials Ghana Limited

References:

mayoclinic.org
cdc.org
https://www.un.org/en/observances/autism-day

Health Essentials

At Easter should Spiritual Wellness be the only form of Wellness?

Every single repetitionof squat is worth the effort

Many of us have already packed our Easter season with so much work and back-to-back programmes we hardly have time to breathe.

The little time we can squeeze out is used to stuff ourselves with food and drinks, but for this season and beyond we may be able to spend five minutes even on extremely busy days to make a difference in our lives so that we can have time to sing, dance and worship God as we remember his unparalleled sacrifice to us.

My-in-laws who reside on the mountain are busy trekking up and dragging their friends and colleagues with them. Any idea why the Kwahus revel in Easter? Has it always been that way or is it a conscious effort to show Ghana and the world what they have?

We all wish our favourite exercises will give us the same benefits as all other exercises but the truth is that some exercises are “more equal than others” just as happens in every aspect of life.

This does not mean if you are unable to perform the most effective exercises, you should exert yourself and cause injury to your body. Remember, Cobba’s First Law of Exercising is “DO NO HARM”.

These exercises may just help you stay afloat this Easter:

• Squats

• Plank

• Push-Ups

• Walking & Dancing

Squats

Every single rep (repetition) in this exercise is worth the effort.

Squats target the quadriceps, hamstrings and gluteals, which in simple language refers to the thigh muscles and buttocks.

It is important to learn the right technique and since it exercises large muscle groups, you are able to burn a lot of calories with squats.

In every exercise session, it is important to work large muscles before the smaller ones.

Steps

1. Keep feet shoulder width apart

2. Back should be straight (standing posture)

3. Bend knees and lower your rear till your thighs are horizontal.

4. Return to the standing position

5. Repeat steps 1-4

6. Remember to stretch the muscles used after the exercise.

If you have difficulty following the steps above, place a chair behind you and with your back straight try to sit on it. Do not let your buttocks touch the seat, then return to the standing position and repeat. As your technique improves, you may remove the chair.

As one gets stronger you may even carry some weights while doing squats but as always start with caution. You may do only 3 reps at a time (properly). Gradually, add some more.

When to avoid squats

• Severe knee pain irrespective of cause

• Knee injury even if no longer painful (you will need professional supervision)

• Acute back pain (you will later do back slides which is similar to squats and helps strengthen back muscles)

This exercise benefits almost everyone with a lifestyle disease. Hypertensives (those with high blood pressure) even get a bonus since it causes peripheral pooling of blood and helps to lower the blood pressure over time.

Plank

Arguably, the safest exercise for strengthening abdominal muscles and also has the added benefit of strengthening lower back muscles. Especially for people who sit for long hours (you shouldn’t anyway) this is great news for helping your back.

1. Start by getting into a push-up position

2. Bend your elbows and rest your weight on your forearms and not on your hands

3. Support your lower body on your toes

4. Your body should form a straight line from shoulders to ankles just like a plank of wood

5. Engage your core (midsection) by sucking your belly button into your spine

6. Hold this position for the prescribed time. This may vary from 5 seconds to 1 minute. Repeat.

Push-ups (press-ups)

This is probably the first exercise most people try out; well apart from laughter and walking I presume, and everyone is familiar with it.

Go ahead and squeeze a minute a day in there.

Walking & dancing

Before you set out to exercise your muscles remember to walk at least a minute before you start and a minute after you are done.

You may even walk while in one place, what matters is moving your legs and arms and getting your heart to pump.

Use every opportunity during the day to:

• use the stairs instead of the elevator

• walk while you talk on your cell phone

• Walk to a colleague’s desk at the office instead of using the phone or sending someone else.

• Pick your own stuff for cooking instead of sitting and getting people to assist with even the trivial errands

• Dance with your heart whenever you have a chance; during your Christmas programmes, while watching TV and even while you take a shower.

A minute each for Squats, Planks and Push-ups and two minutes of walking every morning, afternoon or evening may just be enough to get you through the season and certainly it will not tamper much with your tight holiday schedule. Do not forget to smile often, breathe deeply to relax, enjoy some sunshine, pray, praise and worship God and you will be on the right path especially if you keep an eye on your finances and learn to unplug several hours each day.

In my opinion, every aspect of Wellness is important at all times and we should try to keep a balance. Neglecting all other aspects (Physical, Social, Mental, Digital, Financial & Spiritual) and focusing only on Spiritual Wellness will mean we will not be able to perform at our very best and certainly our Maker needs the best version of us.

AS ALWAYS LAUGH OFTEN, ENSURE HYGIENE, WALK AND PRAY EVERYDAY AND REMEMBER IT’S A PRICELESS GIFT TO KNOW YOUR NUMBERS (blood sugar, blood pressure, blood cholesterol, BMI)

Dr Kojo Cobba Essel

Health Essentials Ltd/ Medics Clinic

(dressel@healthessentialsgh. com)

*Dr Essel is a Medical Doctor with a keen interest in Lifestyle Medicine, He holds an MBA and is an ISSA Specialist in Exercise Therapy, Fitness Nutrition and Corrective Exercise. He is the author of the award-winning book, ‘Unravelling The Essentials of Health & Wealth.’

Thought for the week – “For heart health you need to relax and have fun as well; schedule time for leisure, sing praises to God, laugh often, learn to breathe deeply and maybe get a pet.”

References:

• The Gym Bible

• www.webmd.com

• 30dayfitnesschallenges.com

By Dr Kojo Cobba Essel

Health Essentials

Hijab (Islamic Veil) as an Act of Worship

Alhamdulillah (all praise is due to Allah), the Creator of the heavens and the earth, the One who guides us to the straight path.

We bear witness that there is no deity worthy of worship except Allah alone, and we testify that Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) is His servant and Messenger.

May Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him, his family, and all who follow him in righteousness until the Last Day.

Introduction

Dear respected brothers and sisters in Islam, today’s khutbah addresses an essential act of worship that embodies submission, modesty, and obedience to Allah: the “Hijab”.

While the Hijab is an explicit command from Allah, it is also a human right protected under local and international laws.

It is imperative that Muslim women are allowed to observe Hijab freely, especially in public institutions such as universities, banks, ministries, public health institutions, and government agencies.

Definition and Meaning of Hijab

In Islam, Hijab refers to modesty in appearance and behaviour. For women, this includes covering the body, except for the face and hands, in non-revealing clothing (not skin-tight), while for men, it includes covering from the navel to the knees and dressing modestly.

The Hijab extends to lowering the gaze, avoiding indecent speech, and conducting oneself with dignity.

Allah commands:

“And tell the believing women to lower their gaze and guard their private parts and not to display their adornment except that which [ordinarily] appears thereof and to wrap [a portion of] their headcovers over their chests.”

(Quran 24:31).

Essence of Hijab as an Act of Worship and Modesty

The Hijab is an act of worship rooted in obedience to Allah. It is not a cultural practice but a divine command. Allah says:

“O Prophet, tell your wives and your daughters and the women of the believers to bring down over themselves [part] of their outer garments. That is more suitable that they will be known and not be abused. And ever is Allah Forgiving and Merciful.”

(Quran 33:59).

The Hijab is a reflection of one’s faith, modesty, and inner character. It shields the individual from immorality and contributes to the moral fabric of society.

Lowering the Garments and the Gaze

The Hijab also encompasses lowering the gaze and maintaining purity in interactions between genders. Allah says:

“Tell the believing men to lower their gaze and guard their private parts. That is purer for them. Indeed, Allah is Acquainted with what they do.” (Quran 24:30).

By lowering the gaze, both men and women protect themselves from sin and maintain mutual respect.

Social Menace and Immoralities Due to Lack of Hijab

The absence of Hijab in society has led to numerous social issues, including:

Zina (Adultery and Fornication): Unrestricted interactions and immodesty increase the likelihood of adultery and fornication, which Allah explicitly prohibits:

“And do not approach unlawful sexual intercourse. Indeed, it is ever an immorality and is evil as a way.”

(Quran 17:32).

Exploitation and Objectification:

When modesty is neglected, individuals, especially women, are objectified and exploited, resulting in an increase in harassment and sexual abuse, a phenomenon that has plagued many organissations such as Universities, Banks and other public institutions. The introduction of Sexual Harassment Policies with its attendant harsh punishments has done very little in resolving this menace.

By Imam Alhaji Saeed Abdulai