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Conditions, rules, regulations of fasting

Introduction

All praise is due to Allah, the Lord of the Worlds, Who has made fasting in the month of Ramadan an obligation upon every believing Muslim and has made it a means of attaining taqwa (piety and consciousness of Allah).

We send peace and salutations upon our beloved Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ), who was the best example in devotion and worship.

Servants of Allah, today’s Jumma Khutba is a continuation of our discussion on the virtues of Ramadan, focusing on the conditions, rules, and regulations that govern fasting (Sawm).

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Since fasting is a fundamental pillar of Islam, it is crucial that we understand who is required to fast, who is excused, and what actions are permitted or prohibited during the fast.

As we approach the blessed month, let us prepare ourselves by gaining proper knowledge, renewing our intentions, and seeking the mercy of Allah, so that we can attain the full rewards of this sacred month.

Definition of Fasting in Islam

Fasting (Sawm) in Islam is defined as the voluntary and deliberate abstention from eating, drinking, marital relations, and all other invalidators from dawn (Fajr) until sunset (Maghrib) with a sincere intention of worshiping Allah.

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The Qur’an explicitly states:

“And eat and drink until the white thread of dawn becomes distinct from the black thread [of night]. Then complete the fast until the sunset.” (Surah Al-Baqarah 2:187)

This definition highlights that fasting is not just about avoiding food and drink, but rather a form of spiritual discipline and devotion to Allah.

The Five Pillars of Islam and the Obligation of Fasting

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The importance of fasting is reinforced in the well-known hadith of Abdullah ibn Umar (RA), where the Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) said:

“Islam is built upon five pillars: (1) testifying that there is no deity worthy of worship except Allah, and that Muhammad is His Messenger, (2) establishing prayer, (3) giving Zakah, (4) fasting in the month of Ramadan, and (5) performing Hajj if one is able to do so.” (Bukhari, 8; Muslim, 16)

This hadith confirms that fasting in Ramadan is not an optional act of piety but a fundamental obligation for every Muslim who meets the necessary conditions.

The Quranic Command to Fast

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Allah (SWT) has ordained fasting upon every believing Muslim, as stated in the Qur’an:

“O you who believe! Fasting has been prescribed for you as it was prescribed for those before you, so that you may attain taqwa.” (Surah Al-Baqarah 2:183)

The key purpose of fasting is to develop taqwa (God-consciousness), which includes self-discipline, patience, and devotion to Allah. The believers are reminded that fasting is not just a ritual but a means to strengthen their faith and connection with their Creator. (To be continued)

By Imam Alhaji Saeed Abdulai – 1 BN Michel Camp, Tema

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The West African Samba dance

I was in sixth form! Precisely, I was in lower sixth, bubbling with enthusiasm for life. Incidentally, I wasn’t particularly a good dancer but liked watching others dance. When my pal Billy (Butter) did the ‘old man boogie,’ dance, he did so with passion, with contortions and distor­tions of the human frame. He often needed artificial respiration after a good dance.

Old man Boogie was the dance form adopted at the time. The more you danced like a bony and fragile old man, the more you got applaud­ed. It was fashionable at the time to go to disco with a walking stick to simulate an 80-year-old boogeyman.

On the disco dance floor, every­one was crumbling over and if you didn’t know what was in vogue at the time, you’d be tempted to order an ambulance to cart the entire gang of dancers to the nearest hospital to check their sugar levels. No doubt, you were likely to mistake for old diabetics lapsing into coma on the dance floor.

The Old man Boogie did not last very long. Soon it was replaced with ‘dog’. The dancer was expected to have the men mentality of a dog, and that included baring teeth and ‘piss­ing’ with one leg raised. When you saw Korkorti on the floor, you thought he was directing traffic with his left leg.

FRENZY

The ‘dog’ gave way to ‘cat’, a frightening choreographic innovation that put the ladies to flight. If dog produced vampires, cat engendered tigers on stage, complete with claws to show for it. The ladies were not brave enough to encounter large human cats in a frenzy, boogeying to funk. They simply fled!

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Finally ‘horse’ arrived on the dance floor and you could see Ghana­ians galloping with care-less abandon. What saved the situation was the advent of break-dance which short­ly superseded the era of freestyling captured in the musical movie “The Music Machine’, starring Gerry Sund­quist and Pati Boulaye, a Nigerian performer.

Break-dance brought home an exciting dance variety with equally exciting medical problems. Youngsters began spinning on their heads and broke their necks. They were put in collar and never tried it again.

All the above mentioned dance forms were amply exhibited last Sat­urday when the Black Stars went on a demolition exercise in Cape Verde.

The 4-0 hammering reflected the level of determination of the Stars to get to Germany in 2006 to showcase samba made in Sikaman.

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Soon after the victory, ECG went on ‘strike.’ The nation was plunged into darkness. I heard someone say the power off was deliberate to tone down the celebration, lest people drunk themselves to death. I won­dered whether anyone needed elec­tric power to drink himself to death. The lights came on at last.

I quickly drove through parts of Tema. Celebrations were not mass, but pockets of celebrants amply typi­fied the general mood.

CARNIVAL

A group of about eight youngsters apparently charged beyond measure, with akpeteshie running through their veins and arteries, organised a mini-carnival from Site 14 and took to the streets. “God bless our home-land Ghana… they sang the Black Stars cheer song, while hopping like delighted kangaroos. Others were dancing like cats, others like horses.

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The beer bars in Tema overflowed with booze. Huge loudspeakers were mounted at Emefa Bar, Site 14, to begin a night of music, booze and chops. Khebab stands smoked freely as sausages and suya were dished out hot, charcoal-grilled.

My wife had gone to Lome, Togo for the weekend with the kids. And what she saw marvelled her. The Togo­lese national team hitherto known for its disastrous performances suddenly came alive and surprised their own selves. In the final qualifying game, they came back twice to beat Congo in a spectacular display of skills and artistry.

The rain was pouring in sheets in Lome but the celebrants hit the streets in carnival fashion. My little daughter joined them in the rain. When I heard it, I was angry. Why allow the little girl to join in the fanfare?

My wife explained that the situ­ation was so spontaneous that ev­erybody was overwhelmed. Every kid was on the street dancing in the carnival, so why not my little girl? Nobody could stop her. It would have been a sin to stop her. The young and the old were dancing. Old men and women with walking sticks limped to the streets and lock to boogie, the Togolese style.

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For me, the exciting aspect of it all is that West African football has come of age. If Nigeria had qualified it would have been a West African affair. Even without Nigeria, it is. Ghana, Togo and Cote d’Ivoire are going to play in Germany in 2006. It is a new beginning for West Africa.

PRESTIGE

Egypt, Senegal, Zaire, Cameroon, Nigeria, and Morocco have participat­ed in the World Cup but did not shine. Other nations must slug it out there, because it is time an African country won the prestigious World Cup.

If African countries have won in the Olympics and the Junior World Cup tournaments, there should be no reason why they cannot make a mark in the seniors. They only have to shed the inferiority complex bothering some of the teams. Africa must shine!

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Now, some Nigerians are saying Ghana, Togo and Cote d’Ivoire will be the whip-ping boys at the World Cup. I’ll advise those Nigerians to cry their own cry.

This article was first published on Saturday, October 15, 2005

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 Legacy is important in life

 The Bible which is usu­ally referred to as the good book, says that good name is better than rich­es according to Proverbs 22:1. Our generation has turned this sound, Godly advice upside down and has put the love for riches first before good name.

Instead of making the right choices, we are all in a mad rush for money, fame and selfish ambitions. Morality is far from our minds and comes nowhere near the top of our list of priorities.

The first thing most people think of, when given a posi­tion as a leader, especially in government, is to look for opportunities to make mon­ey. It is a worrying trend in our society that should not be encouraged at all. Gradually our society is placing value on riches than integrity.

Time tested values that have characterised activities of churches are even being compromised to the extent that, leadership roles in churches, are being given to people, based on wealth. No wonder, scandals are mani­festing in various churches.

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Every person has the free­dom of choice. You can de­cide to choose good or choose evil; it is in your power so to choose. However, what we should all realise is that, choices have consequences.

Decision making is all about choices. If you make the right choice as a leader, your name could be forever etched in gold and your descendants, shall forever benefit from your good choices.

Lee Kuan Yew, said that he had the option of being selfish and making himself and his family rich or to seek the welfare of the nation but he chose the latter because that was the right thing to do.

Today, his name has been etched in gold in Singapore forever. His descendants are revered simply because of what their father and grand­father and great grandfather, did for the nation of Singa­pore. He left a legacy, a leg­acy of selflessness, a legacy of patriotism, a legacy of hon­esty and integrity and finally a legacy of leadership.

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I listened to a story about Pedu­ase Lodge. Apparently, it was a gift to Dr Kwame Nkrumah out of love and appreciation by an Akuapim woman, for him to build his private resi­dence. Dr Nkrumah not being selfish but full of patriotism, decided to use it as official residence like Camp David in the US.

He is widely acknowledged also as incorruptible and this has endeared him to the hearts of many Ghanaians al­though there were some gov­ernance issues like the PDA, which somehow dented his otherwise excellent legacy.

Whenever his name is mentioned, his legacy is remembered and wonderful things are said about him. Such legacies, buy favour for his descendants, which in the case of Dr Nkrumah, led to people voting for his daughter to be elected as Member of Parliament for the 5th Parlia­ment under the 4th Republic.

Recently, the passing of a prominent chief in the Asante Region, was announced. This chief has been acknowledged as one of the chiefs in the country, who have banned Galamsey in their area of jurisdiction.

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Given the national outcry against illegal mining as a result of the devastating con­sequences to our environment and related health problems, this fantastic legacy, will go a long way to create favour for his children wherever they find themselves in this coun­try.

Compared this to the son of a notorious armed robber seeking favour for say admis­sion to an SHS. I guarantee you, the moment you mention your name and confirm that you are the son of Ataa…, the legacy of your father will immediately start working against you.

NB: ‘CHANGE KOTOKA INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT TO KOFI BAAKO INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT’

By Laud Kissi-Mensah

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